Spinal degeneration from osteoarthritis and other degenerative conditions sometimes produces small fluid-filled cysts, most often in the joint spaces of the lower (lumbar) spine. The fluid is called synovia, the lubricating fluid produced by joint tissue. The sacs of synovial fluid are harmless, but can exert pressure on nerves that causes pain.

Diagnosing synovial cysts requires computed tomography (CT) scan of the spine or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine to show the soft tissue of the lower spine. Once located, doctors can determine the cyst's size and where it is putting pressure.

Treatment options vary, depending on the patient's level of pain, loss of mobility or neurological impact. Because the cysts tend to refill if drained or re-form if removed, doctors tend toward the least invasive approach possible that will provide relief. Doctors may use a needle to drain the cyst and may inject cortisone to reduce inflammation and pain. Minimally invasive surgery is available to remove the cyst and traditional cyst removal that includes fusing the joint together is done in cases of extreme pain, weakness or numbness.

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