Because the discs in the neck are in close proximity to the spinal cord and nerve roots leading from the spine to the extremities, irregularities in the cervical discs can put pressure on either the spinal cord (myelopathy) or nerve roots (radiculopathy) that show up with symptoms in other areas of the body.

Cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy

When discs are damaged or begin to harden, they can put pressure on the nerve as it leaves the spine. Often referred to as a pinched nerve, cervical radiculopathy can also result from bone spurs pressing on the nerve root. In either case, the effect is typically a sharp pain, usually in or close to the neck. Other symptoms show up along the nerve pathway as tingling, numbness or weakness in the shoulder, arm or hand.

Cervical myelopathy is a term used to describe compression of the spinal cord in the neck. The condition can develop gradually or come on quickly and can be a serious condition because the pressure exerted on the central spinal cord can lead to permanent damage. Symptoms of cervical myelopathy typically show up far from the neck and can include numbness and weakness of the arms and legs, stiffness in the legs and buttocks, loss of muscle control in the legs that may cause walking difficulties, and loss of bladder or bowel control in more severe cases.

The most common cause of cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy is spinal stenosis, where narrowing of the passageway for the spinal cord creates pressure. Other causes can include trauma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tumors, vascular disorders, and certain diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

A correct diagnosis is a critical first step to appropriate treatment. Tests may include a spinal X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan of the spine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine, myelogram, electromyogram (EMG) and nerve conduction studies.

Once your spine surgeon has determined the exact nature of your condition, there are a number of treatment options available and more being developed all the time. Possible treatments include physical therapy, corticosteroid injections for spinal stenosis, decompressive laminectomy for spinal stenosis and spinal fusion (arthrodesis).

More information on cervical myelopathy, including diagnostic tools and treatments is available in our Healthwise section under cervical spinal stenosis and spinal stenosis.

For more information on disc conditions, select one of the following:

• Cervical Disc Conditions
• Degenerative Disc Disease
• Herniated Disc